bacteria-indicator-resistance-79.html
DANMAP 2015 3D
80 / 144
danmap 2015 80
resistance
in indicator bacteria
7. enterococci are included in the danmap programme to monitor resistance in gram-positive bacteria, while escherichia coli are included as representatives of gram-negative bacteria. in the early 90ties, focus was especially on resistance in gram-posi- tive bacteria, since most growth promotors used then targeted gram-positive bacteria. the chosen bacteria species were se- lected as indicators for occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the different reservoirs through the food chain for several reasons: they are ubiquitous and present as major commensals in both the animal and human reservoirs; they can acquire an- timicrobial resistance as a response to selective pressures, and finally they have the potential for transferring resistance to pathogenic bacteria and can cause infection in humans. from enterococci, both enterococcus faecium and enterococcus fae- calis were used due to natural resistance to used antimicrobial agents such as flavomycin and streptogramins and observed differences in levels of resistance. 7. resistance in indicator bacteria highlights: resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin was observed at moderate to high levels in enterococcus faecalis from danish broilers and pigs as well as in meat
thereof. during the last years, resistance levels in enterococci isolated from domestically produced broiler meat has increased and now approaches resistance levels found in imported meat. from 2014 to 2015, tetracycline resistance among enterococci from domestically produced broiler meat increased; an increase that is probably related to the increased use of tetracy- cline in the poultry production. for e. faecalis from pigs, levels of resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamicin has been declining to levels equal to or lower than 15 years ago. resistance levels have consistently been lower in e. faecalis from domestically pro- duced pork compared to isolates from the danish pigs. resistance to tetracycline is also lower in e. faecalis from domestically produced pork compared with isolates from imported pork. most of the enterococcus faecium from domestically produced beef and broiler meat, as well as from imported beef, were fully sensitive to all antimicrobial agents included in the test panel. resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin was lower in e. faecium from domestically produced broiler meat compared with isolates from imported broiler meat. the occurrence of resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfonamides and trimethoprim increased significantly in indicator escherichia coli from broilers compared to 2014. this is most likely linked to the increased use of antimicrobial agents in the broiler production. in e. coli from danish broilers, pigs and meat thereof, approximately half of the isolates exhib- ited resistance to at least one of the antimicrobial agents tested, while the proportion of antimicrobial resistant isolates was remarkably low in isolates from danish cattle and beef. as in previous years, proportions of antimicrobial resistant e. coli were generally higher in imported meat than in domestically produced meat independent of the meat type (broiler meat, pork, beef). third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (esbl/ampc) e. coli were observed in pigs, cattle and meat thereof. the occurrence in pigs was higher than in 2009-2013, mainly due to a high frequency of samples containing e. coli with ampc upregulation. we consider that the changes in methodology implemented in 2015 may have had an important impact on the observed results.
meat-faecalis-isolates-81.html
