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DANMAP 2015 3D
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danmap 2015 92
resistance
in indicator bacteria 7. these results are in line with those observed
since 2001, although very minor fluctuations were observed over time. increasing occurrence of ampicillin and trimethoprim resistance was observed since 2008, whereas sulfonamide and tetracy- cline resistance increased from 2008 to 2014 (figure 7.6). also among e. coli isolates
from domestically produced beef , most isolates (89%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials, and resistance paralleled that observed in cattle. comparable low levels of resistance have been observed over the last 15 years (figure 7.6). 7.2.4 indicator e. coli from imported meat during 2015, a total of 362 processed samples from imported broiler meat, pork and beef resulted in 199 e. coli isolates, which were tested for antimicrobial resistance. as in previous years, the levels of resistance were significantly higher in im- ported broiler meat than in broiler meat produced in denmark, a trend that is no longer apparent for danish vs. imported pork (table 7.3). among the e. coli from imported broiler meat , only 29% were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents. occurrence of resistance was very high for ampicillin, high for nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and trimethoprim, moderate for cefotaxime, ceftazidime and chloramphenicol, and low for azithromycin, colistin and gentamicin (table 7.3). no resistance to tigecycline and meropenem was observed (table 7.3). ampicillin resistance was present in the majority of isolates displaying a multidrug resistance profile, and was shared among 27 antimicrobial resistance profiles. ampicillin resistance was often combined with resistance to sulfon- amides, trimethoprim and tetracyclines in various combinations and generally in association with resistance to additional an- timicrobials. fluoroquinolone resistance was exhibited by 40 isolates either alone (n = 7) or in combination with resistance to other antimicrobials. co-resistance to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfonamides and trimethoprim was observed in nine (11%) isolates. compared to 2014, occurrence of ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracycline resistance slightly increased and occurrence of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin resistance decreased (figure 7.4). in the period 2008-2015, the proportions of ampicillin- resistant isolates ranged between 48% (2008) and 64% (2013), thus the level detected in 2015 (53%, table 7.3) represented a fluctuation similar to what observed previously (figure 7.4). the proportions of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistant isolates were comparable to those observed in 2008, being in both danmap iterations the lowest levels observed in the period 2008-2015 (figure 7.4). the proportion of cefo- taxime and sulfonamide resistant isolates were the lowest de- tected in danmap since 2008. in section 7.3 and textbox 7.1, results on occurrence of cefotaxime-resistant e. coli obtained by a pre-enrichment procedure are reported. among e. coli isolates from imported pork , 60% were susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents. a high propor- tion of isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines, whereas a moderate proportion of isolates showed resistance to trimethoprim (table 7.3). no resistance to the other antimicrobial agents was observed, however the number of isolates was very limited (n = 15, table 7.3). the proportion of isolates susceptible to all antimicrobial agents increased compared to 2014 (when it was 48%) and the pro- portion of isolates displaying resistance to any antimicrobial agent decreased compared to 2014 and overall was the lowest recorded in danmap since 2008 (figure 7.5). an exception was resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins for which no resistance was observed also in 2009-2010 and 2013-2014 (figure 7.5). the majority (81%) of e. coli isolates from imported beef was susceptible to all tested antimicrobial agents. ampicillin, sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance occurred in a moder- ate proportion of isolates, whereas cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim resistance occurred in a low proportion of isolates (table 7.3). no resistance to azithromycin, colistin, meropenem and tigecycline was observed (table 7.3). only minor differences were observed compared to 2014, however the proportions of isolates resistant to the different antimicro- bials were the highest (ampicillin and sulfonamides) or close to the highest (tetracyclines) observed in danmap since 2008 (figure 7.6).
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