isolates-resistance-2015-76.html
DANMAP 2015 3D
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77 danmap 2015 6.
resistance
in zoonotic bacteria textbox 6.1
resistance
in bacteria from diagnostic submissions from
pigs
surveillance of antimicrobial
resistance
in veterinary pathogens is important as support for practicing veterinarians in prescrib- ing effective drugs for treatment. since 2013, the danmap report has not presented data on antimicrobial
resistance
from diagnostic submissions from animals, unlike svedres and norm-vet. this has mainly been due to lack of availability of iso- lates. most routine diagnostic services on production animals take place at private, commercial laboratories, with no or limited tradition for storing bacterial
isolates
for research or surveillance. however, in 2015 the danish veterinary and food administration set aside resources to initiate an investigation of specified organisms from production animals. the focus in 2015 was on bacteria from
pigs
.
isolates
and mic data were obtained from seges, the danish pig research centre?s laboratory for pig diseases (vsp) in kjellerup. escherichia coli o149, streptococcus suis , and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are among the most important pathogenic bacteria in
pigs
and were analysed for antimicrobial
resistance
. the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the broth dilution method with sensititre. the clinical break- points are a combination of clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) breakpoints if available, and those routinely used at vsp kjellerup and dtu ? vet. e. coli o149 enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) is a major cause of diarrhoea in
pigs
and e. coli containing the haemolytic, f4 fimbria and enterotoxin producing serotype o149 are the most virulent for
pigs
. although systematic vaccination and breeding against
resistance
to the f4 fimbria has somewhat reduced the problems with this type in the first weeks after birth as well as post weaning, it remains the most prevalent type of etec in danish
pigs
. percent resistant
isolates
are shown in table 1. resis- tance levels are high for ampicillin, sulphonamides, streptomycin, and tetracyclines (assut ?
resistance
pattern also known from salmonella), but also for spectinomycin and trimethoprim. this was not unexpected as similar
resistance
levels were also recorded in 2012 and the preceding 10 years (danmap 2012, p.104). an increase in the number of
isolates
resistant to flor- fenicol compared to 2012 is not statistically significant, but considering the increase in use of florfenicol in recent years, this development may be relevant to follow. two
isolates
were resistant to ceftiofur (3rd generation cephalosporin), and these two
isolates
were also the only
isolates
that were resistant to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and cefotaxime, strongly suggesting that these
isolates
were esbl.
resistance
to nalidixic acid was recorded in 11 % of the
isolates
although quinolones have not been used for
pigs
since 2002. notably, no
isolates
were resistant to colistin. streptococcus suis streptococcus suis is the cause of a plethora of infections in
pigs
, such as meningitis, arthritis, pneumonia, and septicaemia, and causes losses to the farmers due to increased mortality and veterinary costs. percent resistant
isolates
are shown in table 1. most notably, no
isolates
were resistant to simple penicillin.
resistance
was highest to macrolides and tetracyclines, but low or zero for most other compounds. actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is the cause of a severe pleuropneumonia in
pigs
. this disease has a rapid onset in pig farms and spreads through the farm. symptoms include fever, coughing, depression, loss of appetite, bloody discharge from the nose, and pathological findings include fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis and haemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia. a rapid diagnosis and initiation of proper treatment is essential. fortunately, there is little
resistance
to this organism, and apart from erythromycin,
resistance
was zero of very low to all other compounds (table 1). notably, all
isolates
were susceptible to simple penicillin, although this is a gram negative organism. most of the
isolates
belonged to the serotypes o2 and o6, but no difference in
resistance
patterns was recorded between serotypes. in 2016 the amr surveillance is extended to include bacteria from cattle, poultry, mink. karl pedersen, desireé corvera kløve lassen, birgitta svensmark, sven erik jorsal for further information: karl pedersen, kape@vet.dtu.dk
acid-isolates-apramycin-78.html
