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DANMAP 2015 3D
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danmap 2015 102 textbox7.3 comparison of esbl/ampc-producing escherichia
coli
isolates
from danish and imported meat with e.
coli
isolates
obtained from
human
bloodstream infections background: esbl/ampc-producing bacteria are widespread worldwide in both
human
s and production animals. studies have found similar esbl/ampc genes, plasmids and clones of e.
coli
isolates
from animals, meat and
human
infections, suggesting a zoonotic link. materials and methods: esbl/ampc-producing e.
coli
isolates
from meat (textbox 7.1) obtained in 2014 and 2015 and esbl/ampc- producing e.
coli
isolates
from
human
bloodstream infections (textbox 8.1) obtained during 2015 were compared for clonal relationship by whole-genome-based snps analysis, if sharing the same esbl/ampc gene and belonging to the same sequence types (sts). the cge web tool csi-phylogeny version 1.3 [https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/csiphylogeny/] was used to call snps between the
isolates
to infer the phylogeny [kaas et al. 2014, plos one 2014; 9(8): e104984]. for each comparison a reference genome with identical sts was used. results : the same combinations of esbl/ampc genes and sts were detected from e.
coli
isolates
of
human
origin and e.
coli
isolates
from meat in three occasions; cmy-2-producing e.
coli
isolates
belonging to st38 and st354, and ctx-m-1-producing
isolates
belonging to st131. three snp comparisons were produced for each of the tree combinations (table a7.9, web annex). the cmy-2-producing e.
coli
isolates
belonging to st38 represented five
isolates
of veterinary origin from 2015 (three
isolates
from danish broiler meat and two from imported duck meat) and one
human
bloodstream isolate from 2015 (figure st38 cmy- 2, table a7.9, web annex). more than 6,000 snps were detected between the e.
coli
isolate of
human
origin and e.
coli
isolates
from meat. the cmy-2-producing e.
coli
isolates
belonging st354 encompassed one imported broiler meat e.
coli
isolate from 2014, two imported broiler meat e.
coli
isolates
from 2015 and one
human
bloodstream e.
coli
isolate from 2015 (figure st354 cmy-2, table a7.9, web annex). more than 2,680 snps were detected between the
human
isolate and the broiler meat
isolates
. one st131/ctx-m-1-producing e.
coli
isolate from danish broiler meat from 2015 was compared with three st131/cmx-m- 1-producing e.
coli
isolates
from
human
bloodstream infections (figure st131 ctx-m-1, table a7.9, web annex). more than 1,640 snps were detected between the broiler isolate and the
human
isolates
. discussion and conclusion: ctx-m-15, ctx-m-14, ctx-m-27 were the most frequently detected enzymes among the esbl/ ampc-producing e.
coli
isolates
from
human
bloodstream infections in 2015, whereas ctx-m-1 and cmy-2-variants were de- tected to a lesser extent (textbox 8.1). none of the e.
coli
isolates
from danish and from imported meat contained any known carbapenemase gene. therefore, we conclude that presently fresh meat available on the danish market seems to be a minor source of the esbl/ampc-producing bacteria causing bloodstream infections in
human
s, and not a source of carbapenemase- producing bacteria causing
human
infections in denmark. in 2015, similar snp profiles were not detected between esbl/ampc-producing e.
coli
from
human
bloodstream infections and esbl/ampc-producing e.
coli
isolates
from meat. from this limited dataset, we did not detect any indication of zoonotic clonal spread of esbl/ampc-producing e.
coli
. besides clonal spread, genes encoding esbl/ampc enzymes can spread among bacteria of animal and of
human
origin by horizontal plasmid transfer. plasmid comparison was not performed in the present study. however, similar plasmids with esbl/ ampc-encoding genes have been detected from broilers and
human
s in denmark, in sweden and in the netherlands. [de been et al. 2014 plos genetics 10:12; börjesson et al. 2016 emerging infectious diseases 22:634; hartung et al. 2016 applied and environmental microbiology 82:4705]. further monitoring, which also could include esbl/ampc-producing e.
coli
isolates
from urinary tract infections, and larger studies are needed to investigate and quantify the possible zoonotic link between esbl/ ampc- and carbapenemase-producing e.
coli
from meat/animals and
human
severe infections. louise roer, anette m. hammerum, helle korsgaard, valeria bortolaia, henrik hasman and rene s. hendriksen for further information for the
human
isolates
: anette m. hammerum (ama@ssi.dk) for further information for the meat
isolates
: rené s. hendriksen (rshe@food.dtu.dk)
clinical-bacteria-resistance-103.html
