animals-consumption-antimicrobial-29.html
DANMAP 2015 3D
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danmap 2015 30
antimicrobial
consumption in
animals
4. 4.
antimicrobial
consumption in
animals
4.1 introduction the
use
of
antimicrobial
agents in humans and
animals
has been monitored by the danmap programme since 1995. since the early 1990s, there has been both political and public focus on the
use
of
antimicrobial
agents in the danish animal produc- tion. this resulted in discontinued
use
of several
antimicrobial
agents
use
d for growth promotion from 1994-1999, and more recently, in a voluntary ban of
use
of cephalosporins in the pig and dairy cattle production, as well as in regulatory legislation regarding therapeutic
use
[danmap 2010]. overall, the
antimicrobial
consumption for both humans and
animals
has increased since the late 1990s. figure 4.1 shows the total
antimicrobial
consumption in
animals
and humans since 1994 and 1997, respectively. increases in antimicro- bial consumption for
animals
can partly be explained by the increase in pork production, which constitutes approximately 86% of the meat production in denmark (table 3.1), however, risk management measures to reduce consumption have also played a role. the prescription patterns were clearly influenced by imple- mented legislation (figure 4, chapter 2). for example, the decrease in
antimicrobial
consumption after 1994 was likely the result of the following important actions: 1) limitation of veterinarians profit from sales of medicine 2) implementation of preventive veterinary strategies with veterinary advisory service contracts (vascs) and regular monthly visits from the veterinarian in order to promote preventive veterinary strate- gies and optimize
antimicrobial
use
, and 3) enforcement of the so called ?cascade rule? [order (dk) 142/1993], which limits the
use
of (cheaper) extemporaneously produced medicines. the latter particularly affected the
use
of tetracyclines from 1994. another important intervention was the restriction on the
use
of fluoroquinolones in production
animals
through legislation implemented in 2002 and 2003. furthermore, in july 2010, the pig industry imposed a voluntary ban on the
use
of cephalosporins. this was followed by a similar initiative by dairy cattle farmers in july 2014. from 2010 to 2011, consumption decreased following the introduction of threshold values for
antimicrobial
consumption adopted within the ?yellow card initiative?. this enforces legal actions on pig farmers with high
antimicrobial
agent
use
per pig [danmap 2010]. effects from other parts of the legislation may be less obvious, must also be considered, when interpret- ing the veterinary prescription patterns. official veterinary guidelines regarding the selection of an- timicrobial agents for pigs and cattle, have existed available since 1996. the guidelines provide specific recommendations for selection of the appropriate
antimicrobial
treatment of all common indications in the major production animal species. initially, guidelines were developed by the national veterinary laboratory (presently, national veterinary institute, dtu). since 2005, the guidelines have been updated by the danish highlights: in 2015, the overall
use
of
antimicrobial
s for
animals
decreased by 4%. this was mainly ca
use
d by a 5% decrease in
antimicrobial
usage in the pig industry, which is the dominant
use
r of
antimicrobial
s for
animals
in denmark. the
use
of tetracycline, aminogly- cosides and pleuromutilins for pigs has decreased consistently over the last three years. in the poultry production (other than turkeys), the
use
of
antimicrobial
s increased by 184% in 2015, due to several serious disease outbreaks in the broiler production. in contrast, the
use
for turkeys decreased by 41%. the fur animal industry also experienced serious disease outbreaks in 2015, which is reflected in a 23% increase
antimicrobial
usage. the
use
of critically important
antimicrobial
s remained low in the pig production, and other food production
animals
. in companion
animals
, however, the
use
of critically important anti- microbials remained relatively high compared with other species, but has decreased over the last three years. it is, however, of some concern that the
use
of colistin in pigs has increased, especially from 2014 to 2015. colistin is of increasing importance as a last resort antimicro- bial in human medicine. for the first time since danmap 2004, the
use
of coccidiostats is also presented in this report; the total
use
of coccidiostats in denmark has increased steadily from 2008 to 2015.
data-antimicrobial-danish-31.html
