coccidiostats-used-poultry-40.html
DANMAP 2015 3D
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41 danmap 2015 4. antimicrobial consumption in animals
resistance
: the efficacy of many
coccidiostats
has been reduced by drug
resistance
in coccidia - by selection, which happens at various speeds. development of
resistance
has been slow for ionophores compared to chemical drugs. in order to avoid resis- tance, drug programmes involving changing compounds during the growing period (?shuttle programs?), using combinations of ionophore and chemical
coccidiostats
, or changing drugs from one rotation to the next (?switching or rotation programs?) for an entire broiler operation have been advocated. there is currently no scientific evidence to suggest that shuttle programs delay the emergence of
resistance
. in recent years, there has been focus on the risk of promoting antimicrobial
resistance
from
poultry
that have been fed iono- phores. in 2015, the panel of animal feed of the norwegian scientific committee for food safety evaluated the risk of devel- opment of antimicrobial
resistance
with the use of
coccidiostats
in
poultry
diets. they concluded that enterococci from
poultry
fed with narasin, monensin and salinomycin may become resistant to these agents, while the non-ionophore
coccidiostats
do not induce
resistance
in bacteria. however, data are lacking concerning the broader environmental impact of residues of coc- cidiostats. alternatives / future perspectives: in a recent position paper, the federation of veterinarians of europe recommends that
coccidiostats
should be under veterinary prescription and be included in the esvac monitoring system. live vaccines have been produced from various eimeria strains, attenuated by rapid passage in vivo, selecting ?precocious strains? that are non-patho- genic but still immunogenic. these vaccines are used in denmark as alternative to
coccidiostats
in all non-caged replacement pullets, and in the rapidly growing production of organic broilers. price and availability limits a wider use. a recombinant vaccine has been developed for breeders in order to confer antibody-mediated passive immunity to the broiler offspring. further re- search may lead to development of subunit, recombinant and dna based vaccines of relevance for future coccidiosis control. susanne kabell for further information, susanne kabell, (ska@seges.dk) danmap 2015 table 1.total consumption (kg) of
coccidiostats
in
poultry
, denmark 2008-2015 e-number name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 e25 halofuginon 1 5 e26 salinomycinnatrium 4 e712 flavofosfolid 1 1 0 6 e757 monensinnatrium 489 640 622 679 503 327 347 441 e761 metiklorpindol/metylbenzoquat 7 4 0 e763 lasalosidnatrium 1177 1178 539 497 1060 547 585 770 e764 halofuginon 1 0 e765 narasin 499 617 872 1853 490 1568 1717 e766 salinomycinnatrium 15050 16429 16274 16528 16263 15367 14958 15457 e768 nicarbazin 3 3 8 1 2 8 e769 nifursol 4 6 e770 maduramacinammonium 26 6 e771 diclazuril 0 1 7 1 0 e772 narasin/nicarbazin 603 348 2994 4448 4922 5743 5853 7324 e773 semduramicinnatrium 1 51772 narasin/nicarbazin 16 total 17827 19221 21311 24023 22748 22479 23347 25728
treatment-antimicrobials-legislation-42.html
