antimicrobial-consumption-animals-33.html
DANMAP 2015 3D
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danmap 2015 34 antimicrobial
consumption
in animals 4. 4.3 antimicrobial
consumption
by animal species 4.3.1 antimicrobial
consumption
in
pigs
for this issue of danmap, updated data from 2004-2015 were extracted from vetstat and all measures for the antimicrobial usage in
pigs
were recalculated for all years, using the updated dataset. in 2015, the total antimicrobial
consumption
in
pigs
was 81.5 tonnes active compound (table 4.1), a decrease of 4.5 tonnes (5%) compared with 2014. the treatment proportions (
dapd
) in the pig population overall and by age group are presented in figure 4.3 and in the web annex (table a4.1). the
dapd
of the total population should reflect the trends in selection pressure in the population. due to the differences in treatment proportion between age groups, the
dapd
of the total population is therefore affected by changes in population structure. for example, an increased export of live
pigs
at 30 kg would, in itself, cause an increase in
dapd
for the remaining population, since the
dapd
for finishers is relatively low. any changes in export and productivity must therefore be taken into account to get a true impression of the antimicrobial con- sumption pattern and selection pressure in the pig production. also, the treatment proportion (
dapd
) is much higher in the weaning
pigs
, compared with finishers and sows (figure 4.3). however, the biomass of the weaning
pigs
is very small (7.5- 30 kg, 4 weeks), compared with the finishers (31-107 kg, 12 weeks) and the sows . in 2015, the antimicrobial
consumption
in
pigs
, measured in
dapd
decreased by 4% to approximately 27
dapd
(figure 4.3) when adjusted for changes in export. overall the number of
pigs
produced in 2015 increased by 3%, and the number of
pigs
exported increased by 17% (table 3.1). historically, the treatment proportion (
dapd
) increased from 2004 to 2009, followed by a decrease in 2010 and 2011, which is considered a result of the ?yellow card initiative? (see danmap 2010). the reductions in antimicrobial usage were also associated with increasing use of vaccines (danmap 2014) and a slight temporary decrease in productivity in some herds. however, disease outbreaks did not increase [danish veterinary bulletin no. 6, 2012]. measured in
dapd
, the anti- microbial
consumption
in
pigs
in 2015 was 22% lower than in 2009, when adjusted for changes in export (figure 4.3). within the different age groups, the
dapd
decreased in wean- ers and finishers, but remained at approximately the same level for sows and piglets. the decrease was primarily in the use of tetracyclines and macrolides (figure 4.4). tetracycline has been one of the most commonly used antimicrobials in the danish pig production for a decade (figure 4.4). they are almost entirely administered orally, and particularly used for treatment of gastrointestinal disease in weaning
pigs
and finishers. the overall use of tetracyclines in the pig production has fluctuated since 2009, but 2015 saw the lowest
dapd
levels since 2006. measured in
dapd
the use of tetracyclines has been reduced by 9% since 2014 and by 24% since 2009. in 2014 the danish pig producers committed themselves to reduce the
consumption
of tetracyclines by 50% by the end of 2015. however, this goal has yet to be achieved. while the overall
consumption
of antimicrobials for
pigs
has decreased consistently since 2009, the use of colistin for
pigs
has increased markedly from 409 kg in 2009 to 825 kg in 2015, mainly in weaners. the
consumption
of colistin in the different age groups of
pigs
, measured in
dapd
, is shown in figure 4.5. although the use of colistin constitutes a very small fraction of the overall antimicrobial
consumption
in
pigs
(1% in 2015), the increase is concerning due to one health im- plications, as polymyxins, to which colistin belongs, have found a role for treatment of carbapenemase resistant infections in human medicine. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 sows and piglets weaners finishers total, adjusted
dapd
(dadd per 1000 animals per day) figure 4.3 antimicrobial agents (tonnes) figure 4.3. antimicrobial
consumption
in the pig production, and the distribution on age groups, denmark note: the? adjusted total? is adjusted for the increasing export of
pigs
at 30 kg (see text). ?sows? includes treatment in boars and piglets pre-weaning. the
dapd
is calculated as the number of standard doses for one kg animal divided by the estimated live biomass in the age group at the total population (in tonnes). danmap 2015
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