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DANMAP 2015 3D
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danmap
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38 antimicrobial
consumption
in animals 4. 4.3.3 antimicrobial consumption in poultry in denmark, poultry production comprises mainly the broiler production, followed by egg layers and turkey production. in addition, there is a smaller production of ducks, geese, and game birds. in 2015, the total consumption of antimicrobials in poultry (all species) was 2,440 kg active compound, an increase of 58% compared with 2014. this is the highest amount recorded since the danmap programme began. for the first time since 2004, we also show the use of coccid- iostats in poultry production (textbox 4.1). the coccidostats do not belong to groups of antimicrobial compounds presently used in human medicine, i.e. their use is not seen as posing a hazard to consumers. the consumption of antimicrobials could not be precisely dif- ferentiated to the different sectors of the poultry production on the basis of the information entered into vetstat. there- fore, consumption for turkeys was identified combining infor- mation from the central husbandry register with information provided by poultry veterinarians and the industry (personal communication: s. astrup, poultryvet, and m. nielsen blom, danish agriculture and food council) and the information in vetstat. danish broiler farms have a very high level of biosecurity and the antimicrobial consumption in broiler production has generally been low compared with other species. accordingly, a few disease outbreaks in some farms can markedly affect and cause considerable fluctuations in the national consump- tion statistic. from the late 2014 throughout 2015 the broiler industry experienced several serious disease outbreaks caused by e. coli or other infections, associated with high mortality and increased health problems in the affected flocks. many of the affected flocks and offspring from affected parent flocks were treated with a combination of lincosamides and spec- tinomycin (linco-spectin). during 2015, investigative work was carried out by the industry to determine the cause of the increase in the infections. the source of the problem was identified and control measures were implemented, (personal communication: j. dahl and m. nielsen blom, danish agricul- ture and food council). the antimicrobial consumption in poultry (excl. turkeys), increased by 22% already in 2014 and this was followed by a further increase of 184% in 2015, from 679 kg in 2014 to 1,931 kg. the increase included several classes of antimicro- bials. for broilers, amoxicillin has been the most commonly used antimicrobial agent for more than a decade. however, in 2015 the consumption was also driven by increases in the consumption of tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, and others (table 4.1). in the turkey flocks, antimicrobial consumption decreased markedly in 2015 compared with 2014, representing the first decrease since 2012. it may be explained by several changes in the turkey production in 2015. a new hybrid of birds, less prone to arthritis, was introduced and the vaccination strat- egy against turkey rhino tracheitis virus was improved. a shift in type of antimicrobial agents towards using penicillins rather than macrolides was also observed (personal commu- nication: s. astrup, poultryvet). these changes are reflected by an overall reduction in antimicrobial consumption of 41%, representing a decrease in the use of macrolides from 222 kg in 2014 to 77 kg in 2015 and an increase in the use of beta- lactamase sensitive penicillins from 39 kg to 65 kg. 4.3.4 antimicrobial consumption in aquaculture, fur animals and companion animals the antimicrobial consumption in aquaculture decreased by 42% to 2,970 kg in 2015 compared with 2014 (table 4.1). measured in kg active compound sulphonamide/trimethoprim comprised 56%, quinolones 34% and amphenicols 10%, respectively. antimicrobial consumption in aquaculture is mostly influ- enced by the summer temperatures. during the colder sum- mers in 2011 and 2012, consumption was very low compared to previous years. in the following years (2013 and 2014) the summer months were extraordinarily warm, which lead to increased occurrence of bacterial infections and an increase in antimicrobial consumption. furthermore, in recent years the aquaculture industry has focused on developing new and better vaccines and improving vaccination strategies to reduce the risk of diseases that may require antibiotic treat- ment. a combination of favourable weather conditions (lower temperatures during summer) and a positive effect of the revised vaccination strategies may explain the reduced con- sumption in 2015 [personal communication: n. h. henriksen, danish aquaculture]. historically, the use of antimicrobial agents in mink produc- tion has increased steadily from 1,948 kg in 2004 to 5,177 kg in 2015. during the same period, the production of mink has also increased significantly from 12.5 million in 2004 to 17.8 million in 2015 (source: kopenhagen fur). in re- cent years, the industry focussed on strategies to reduce the antimicrobial consumption, by increasing the quality of
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